Increase in Norepinephrine

Cold exposure can significantly stimulate the production of norepinephrine in the body, with a sustained increase of 200% to 300% that does not diminish over time. The lower the temperature, the greater the body’s response in terms of norepinephrine production. In fact, an immersion in near-freezing water for 20 to 30 seconds can generate the same level of increase as a six-hour walk in 16°C weather.

Protein Stimulation

Cold exposure promotes the production of the PGC-1alpha protein, which plays a key role in regulating metabolism at the cellular level. Due to its effects, this protein is being studied for the development of treatments for diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiomyopathy. In muscles, the increase in PGC-1alpha helps improve aerobic capacity, endurance, and fatigue tolerance.

Strengthening of the Immune System

Although scientific research in this field is still limited, many people claim that cold water immersion strengthens the immune system. It has been observed that those who practice this technique regularly tend to feel healthier and less prone to illness. It is believed that cold exposure may help the body adapt and become more resilient to infections and diseases.

Increase in Immune Cells

Cold water immersion, especially in winter, can challenge the immune system and alter hormonal communication in the body. Studies have shown that cold-water swimmers experience adaptive responses, such as an increase in the production of glutathione, a key antioxidant. Even a few cold water immersion sessions over six weeks can raise the number of lymphocytes, a type of immune cell. Additionally, research has revealed that men exposed to 4°C temperatures for 30 minutes show an increase in “killer T cells,” which are responsible for fighting viruses and other health threats. These findings suggest that cold water could act as a natural immune system booster.